Sheviis, Chapter 7, Mishnah 1. The mishnah opens with a statement: "Klal gadol amru bishviis" - a broad rule that applies to all matters of Sheviis.
The conditions of the rule:
"Kol shehu maachal adam" - anything fit for human consumption.
"U'maachal beheimah" - or that is fit for animal consumption.
"U'mimin hatzovim" - or that belongs to the category of substances used for dyeing.
"V'eino miskayem ba'aretz" - and it does not remain permanently in the ground, meaning it does not survive from one year to the next.
Anything that meets these conditions is subject to four laws:
"Yesh lo sheviis" - the laws of Sheviis apply to it, and whatever grows must be used in accordance with the sanctity of Sheviis: for eating and similar uses only.
"U'ldamav sheviis" - even the money used to purchase these items takes on the sanctity of Sheviis.
"Yesh lo biur" - once the species is no longer available in the field for animals, the laws of biur apply and it must be removed.
"U'ldamav biur" - and the laws of biur apply as well to money exchanged for these items.
"V'eilu hen?" - the examples the mishnah lists:
Fit for human consumption:
"Alei aluf hashoteh" - the leaves of the aluf mentioned earlier, which is a type of onion, and "hashoteh" refers to the variety that grows wild.
"V'alei hadandanah" - the leaves of the mint plant.
"HaCholshin" - endive or chicory, including when it grows wild.
"V'hakarshin" - leeks, known as luf.
"V'harigilah" - the plant known in English as purslane.
"V'netzach hechalav" - for which we have no precise translation; its flowers are white, and some explain that it is a type of weed which, when cut, exudes a milky liquid, like the milk of a dandelion.
Fit for animal consumption and dyeing substances:
"HaChochim v'hadardarim" - varieties of thorns that are fit to be eaten by camels.
"Sefichei istis" - istis that grows wild on its own, which belongs to the category of dyeing substances.
"V'kotzah" - another variety of dye.
Regarding all of these the mishnah states: "Yesh lahem sheviis u'ldemeihen sheviis, yesh lahem biur u'ldemeihen biur" - the item itself carries the sanctity of Sheviis, as does the money used to buy it; and the laws of biur apply both to it and to the money exchanged for it.
In summary: In this mishnah we learned the broad rule of Sheviis: anything fit for human consumption, fit for animal consumption, or belonging to the category of dyeing substances, and which does not remain in the ground from one year to the next, carries the sanctity of Sheviis, as does the money exchanged for it, and is subject to biur, as is the money exchanged for it. The mishnah then listed examples of all three categories: human food, animal food, and dyeing substances.