Menachos Chapter 8, Mishnah 3. We now turn to the source of the olive oil used for the menachos: from where is it proper to bring the olives that the oil is pressed from, and what is the status of olives that are not of the choicest quality.
The choicest places from which to bring the oil:
"Tekoa alfa lashemen" - the place of first rank, the best place from which to bring olives for oil, is Tekoa.
"Abba Shaul omer, sheniyah lah Regev b'Ever haYarden" - according to Abba Shaul there is a second ideal location, not on the level of the first but still counted among the choicest: Regev in Transjordan.
The Mishnah continues, however: "Ha'emes hi shekol ha'aratzos hayu kesheros, ela mikan hameviim" - the oil is valid from any place from which olive oil is obtained. In practice they would bring it from Tekoa, and according to Abba Shaul from Regev as well, since these were the most ideal locations; but if it was brought from somewhere else, that is perfectly fine.
Places from which one does not bring the oil l'chatchilah:
"Ein meviin lo mibeis hazevalim" - one does not bring the olives from an orchard that requires fertilizing with manure. The very need for fertilizer shows that the ground is not of sufficient quality, and it is preferable to bring from a place that is choice in its own right, to the point that it needs no fertilizer.
"V'lo mibeis hashalchin" - one does not bring from an orchard that requires irrigation. It should be a place that naturally has enough water, because when additional irrigation is needed it is possible that it will not be watered properly, just as it is possible that it will not be fertilized properly, and the place turns out to be less than ideal.
"V'lo mimah shenizra beineihem" - one does not bring from olive trees among which other plants were growing. The reason is not kilayim, but rather that the neighboring plants draw from the nutrients in the ground, so that less remains for the olive trees and the olives, and they do not produce the finest olives.
"V'im heivi kasher" - if the olives were nevertheless brought from trees that were fertilized or artificially irrigated, or that had other plants growing alongside them, the olive oil is valid.
Disqualified even after the fact:
"Ein meviin anpiknon, v'im heivi pasul" - one does not bring oil from anpiknon olives, which are olives that have not even reached a third of their ripening. These olives produce extremely bitter oil, and therefore the Mishnah rules that if one brought from them, the oil is invalid, since it makes everything bitter.
It is worth noting that Rabbeinu Tam, and to a certain extent the Rambam as well, had a different version of the text: "v'im heivi kasher" - meaning that it is valid after the fact. And since the halachah follows the Rambam, it turns out that the practical halachah is not like the version of the Mishnah before us, and the oil is valid after the fact.
"Ein meviin min hagargarim shenashru b'mayim" - a 'gargar' is a single olive, and one does not bring oil from olives that were soaked in water, because the soaking damages the oil and detracts from its quality.
"V'lo min hakevushim" - one does not bring from olives that were pickled, that is, that lay in brine, in salt or in vinegar. This is not very different from soaking in water, except that pickling imparts a taste while water imparts no taste; and in both cases the oil is not as it ought to be, and therefore it is not valid - like something that has acquired a blemish and a defect.
"V'lo min hashelukin" - one does not bring from olives that were cooked and boiled. Now, 'shaluk' generally means cooked and boiled excessively, and one could say that with olives any cooking is excessive and is considered shaluk from the outset; in any case, once the olives have been cooked they have been ruined, and the oil is considered defective and invalid.
"V'im heivi pasal" - if one brought from olives that were boiled, pickled, or merely soaked in water, the olive oil is invalid even after the fact.
Summary: In this Mishnah we learned the sources of oil for the menachos - Tekoa as the choicest place, and according to Abba Shaul, Regev in Transjordan as second to it, while by strict law oil from any land is valid. We also saw the places from which one may not bring oil in the first instance, though after the fact the oil is valid (a field fertilized with manure, an irrigated field, and what is sown between the olive trees), the olives that are invalid even after the fact (anpiknon, olives that fell into water, pickled olives and boiled olives), and the different version of the text found in Rabbeinu Tam and the Rambam regarding anpiknon.