Demai, chapter 5, mishnah 2. This mishnah discusses someone who wants to separate Terumah and Terumat Ma'aser at one and the same time. Now, in order to be discussing a case in which Terumah has to be separated, it stands to reason that we are not dealing with demai, for as we have mentioned in the past, demai does not require the separation of Terumah, since an am ha'aretz is not suspected of failing to separate Terumah - Terumah he did in fact separate.
The mishnah is therefore dealing with definite tevel, that is, with produce from which no Terumat Ma'aser was separated at all.
Who is the one who separates Terumah and Terumat Ma'aser together?
Terumat Ma'aser of demai may be separated by an ordinary Yisrael, and not only by a Levi. Normally Terumat Ma'aser is separated by the Levi, from the ma'aser that he receives, but with demai it is the Yisrael who separates it. Here, by contrast, we are dealing with definite Terumah, and therefore we must be speaking of a kohen: either the kohen himself separates it, or possibly it is a Levi who separates it.
The amounts:
Terumah Gedolah - the average amount, one fiftieth.
Terumat Ma'aser - one tenth of the ma'aser, which comes to one hundredth of the total quantity.
And he wants to separate both of them at once.
The order of separation:
Taking off three percent: He takes three hundredths of the quantity - three percent - for an omer, and sets it aside.
"Echad mi'meah mimah sheyesh kan, harei zeh chulin" - one hundredth of what is here, this is chulin: Over that quantity he declares that one hundredth of the total, which can be found within those three percent, is now separated as chulin. It is not Terumah and it is not Terumat Ma'aser, but ordinary chulin. The reason for this: ultimately that one hundredth will be Terumat Ma'aser, but Terumat Ma'aser may not be separated before Terumah Gedolah. Even so, he wants to isolate it already now, and therefore he separates it and declares that for the moment it is chulin.
"V'hash'ar terumah al hakol" - and the rest is Terumah for it all: Out of the three percent, after that one percent which was declared chulin, the remaining two percent are Terumah for the entire quantity - one fiftieth, two percent.
"Harei zeh ma'aser, ush'ar hama'aser samuch lo" - this is ma'aser, and the rest of the ma'aser is next to it: That one hundredth of chulin, which is inside the three percent and was separated as chulin, is now considered ma'aser; and the rest of the ma'aser for that entire quantity - let us say a hundred sacks - is likewise considered ma'aser, and it is right next to it.
"Zeh she'asiti ma'aser asui terumat ma'aser alav" - that which I made ma'aser is made Terumat Ma'aser for it: That one percent, which originally became chulin and afterwards became ma'aser, and next to which the rest of the ma'aser was placed - becomes Terumat Ma'aser for the rest of the ma'aser.
And now we have the Terumah Gedolah, the two percent, next to the Terumat Ma'aser, and all of them are given to the kohen.
"V'hash'ar challah" - and the rest is challah:
Most of the commentators say that these words should not be retained, and they delete them from the text, since we are not discussing here a case of a baker, but ordinary produce.
"U'ma'aser sheni bitzfono o bidromo, u'mechulal al hama'os" - and Ma'aser Sheni on its north side or on its south side, and it is redeemed onto the coins:
The mishnah goes on to state that Ma'aser Sheni is designated on the north or on the south of the fruit - on the northern side or on the southern side - and it is redeemed onto the coins that he set aside for it, and from that point on he may eat the rest of the fruit.
In summary: In this mishnah we learned the order of separating Terumah and Terumat Ma'aser together from definite tevel: taking off three percent, declaring the one hundredth within it to be chulin (which will later be Terumat Ma'aser, since it may not precede Terumah Gedolah), the remaining two percent as Terumah for it all, that one hundredth as ma'aser with the rest of the ma'aser next to it, and that one percent becoming Terumat Ma'aser for the rest of the ma'aser - and all of them are given to the kohen; and finally, designating Ma'aser Sheni on the north or on the south and redeeming it onto the coins.