Chagigah, Chapter 1, Mishnah 5. As we have mentioned, a person is obligated to bring two types of offerings on Yom Tov: olos re'iyah (burnt offerings of appearance) and shalmei chagigah (festival peace offerings). The burnt offerings are entirely consumed on the altar, while the peace offerings are eaten primarily by the owners. The question before us is how to balance a person's financial situation against the number of people eating with him, in order to determine how to divide between the two types of offerings.
The four cases in the Mishnah:
"Mi she'yesh lo ochlim merubim unechasim mu'atim" - a person who has many mouths to feed on Yom Tov, but limited funds. In this case, "mevi shelamim merubim ve'olos mu'atos" - increasing the peace offerings is preferable, since they are what feed the people who need to eat from them.
"Nechasim merubim ve'ochlim mu'atim" - a person who has considerable wealth, but few people eating at his table and a small household. In this case he should do the opposite: "mevi olos merubos ushelamim mu'atos" - he brings more burnt offerings and fewer peace offerings, since there are few people to feed.
"Zeh vazeh mu'at" - when his funds are limited and those eating with him are also few, the minimum amount applies: the olas re'iyah at the value of a ma'ah of silver, and the chagigah at two silver. This is the opinion of Beis Hillel, which we saw earlier in Mishnah 2, and this is how one should act when both the funds and the number of people eating are limited.
"Zeh vazeh merubim" - when a person has considerable wealth and also many mouths to feed, of this it is said: "Ish kematnas yado keVirkas Hashem Elokecha asher nasan lach" - he gives according to the gift of his hand and according to the blessing that the Holy One, Blessed is He, has granted him, increasing both the burnt offerings and the peace offerings.
In summary: the Mishnah teaches that the division of the offerings between olos re'iyah and shalmei chagigah is determined by two factors - the number of people eating and the extent of one's assets. If those eating are many and the assets few, he increases the peace offerings; if the assets are many and those eating few, he increases the burnt offerings; if both are few, he suffices with the minimum amount of a ma'ah of silver and two silver, in accordance with Beis Hillel; and if both are plentiful, he brings according to the blessing of Hashem that He has given him.