Bikkurim, Chapter 3, Mishnah 10. This mishnah continues, like the previous one, to discuss to what extent the additions attached to the bikkurim carry the status of bikkurim. Rabbi Shimon says that "shalosh midos b'bikkurim" - there are three distinct categories in bikkurim, three different aspects of what counts as bikkurim or as an appendage to them.
The three categories:
"HaBikkurim" - the bikkurim themselves.
"Tosefes haBikkurim" - the additional fruit attached to the bikkurim.
"Ituur haBikkurim" - the decorations with which the bikkurim are adorned.
The difference between them begins with the point at which each one is attached. The addition to the bikkurim is made at an early stage, when a person declares the fruit to be bikkurim and marks it by tying a reed around it, and at that moment he adds further fruit beyond what was bound in the bundle. The decoration of the bikkurim, by contrast, is attached at a much later stage in the process.
The same species and a different species:
The addition to the bikkurim - must be "min b'mino", of the very same species as the bikkurim themselves. If the bikkurim are grapes, the addition must be grapes and not figs; even if the addition is one of the seven species, that is not enough. In other words, not only the very first grapes, but also further grapes that were not the first - and that is what is called the addition to the bikkurim.
The decoration of the bikkurim - may be "min b'she'eino mino", and need not be of the same species. For grapes one may bring figs and the like. True, in the previous mishnah we learned the question of whether one may even bring items that are not of the seven species, but even according to the opinion that they must be of the seven species, they need not be of the same species.
Eating in purity:
The addition to the bikkurim is equal to the bikkurim themselves in that it is "ne'echeles b'taharah" - it may be eaten only in a state of purity. Regarding the decoration of the bikkurim, our mishnah does not state this explicitly, and some wish to say that it too may be eaten only in purity, even though the mishnah did not mention it.
Demai and tithes:
The mishnah continues and says that the addition to the bikkurim is "peturah min hadamai" - exempt from demai, just as the bikkurim themselves are exempt from Terumah and tithes. The mishnah specifically mentioned demai, not because the exemption is limited to demai alone, but in order to set it in contrast to the decoration of the bikkurim.
For the decoration of the bikkurim is "chayav b'damai" - obligated not only in a certain tithe, but even in demai, produce about which it is in doubt whether it is obligated in tithes or not. Even in such a case one must separate Terumah and tithes from it.
In truth, however, the addition to the bikkurim is exempt even from a certain tithe, from produce whose obligation in tithes is clear. There is no requirement to separate Terumah and tithes from the addition to the bikkurim, just as there is no such requirement for the bikkurim themselves.
In summary: in this mishnah we learned three categories in bikkurim - the bikkurim, the addition to the bikkurim, and the decoration of the bikkurim. We clarified the differences between them: the addition is attached at the time of the declaration and must be of the same species, while the decoration is attached at a later stage and may be of a different species; the addition is eaten in purity like the bikkurim themselves, while regarding the decoration this was not spelled out; and the addition is exempt from tithes and even from a certain tithe, while the decoration is obligated even in demai.