Berachos, Chapter 6, Mishnah 1. This entire chapter deals with the berachos recited before eating. The Mishnah opens with a question: "Keitzad mevarchin al ha-peiros?" - which berachah is recited over each and every type of food.
The berachah on fruits of the tree:
"Al peiros ha'ilan omer: Borei pri ha'eitz" - over fruit that grows on a tree a person recites "Borei pri ha'eitz," meaning: Blessed is He who created the fruit of the tree. "Chutz min ha-yayin" - wine is the exception, and over it one recites "Borei pri ha-gafen". The Sages established a special berachah for wine because of its importance and significance, and in it we mention the fruit of the vineyard, the fruit of the vine.
The berachah on fruits of the ground:
"Ve'al peiros ha'aretz omer: Borei pri ha'adamah" - over produce of the ground, which we commonly call vegetables (such as a tomato), one recites "Borei pri ha'adamah": Blessed is He who created the fruit of the ground. "Chutz min ha-pas" - bread is the exception, "she'al ha-pas omer: Ha-motzi lechem min ha'aretz". Because of the importance of bread, a special berachah was established for it.
The berachah on greens:
"Ve'al ha-yerakos omer: Borei pri ha'adamah" - the "fruits of the ground" mentioned earlier refer to things such as tomatoes, while "yerakos" are the green things, such as lettuce and the like. Over these too one recites "Borei pri ha'adamah," just as one recites over the fruits of the ground.
Regarding this category the Tannaim disagreed: "Rabbi Yehudah omer: Borei minei deshaim" - in his view one does not recite "Borei pri ha'adamah" over greens, but rather a more precise berachah: that He created the various kinds of grasses, since greens are a type of grass.
In summary: in this Mishnah we learned the berachos recited before eating according to the types of food: over fruits of the tree - "Borei pri ha'eitz," and over wine, because of its importance, a special berachah - "Borei pri ha-gafen"; over fruits of the ground - "Borei pri ha'adamah," and over bread, because of its importance, a special berachah - "Ha-motzi lechem min ha'aretz"; and over greens - "Borei pri ha'adamah," and according to Rabbi Yehudah - "Borei minei deshaim."